A recent study into human longevity has put forward the notion that we are not actually living longer, but that we are just not dying as young as we used to.
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A study of lifespan statistics in human and non-human primates out of the University of Oxford has concluded that we probably cannot slow the rate at which we get older because of biological constraints. Life expectancy has increased since the mid-1800s by around 3 months per year. These gains have resulted from shifting most deaths from early to later in life, with no evidence of slowing the rate at which mortality increases with age. The increase in human life expectancy in developed countries has increased steadily through improvements in public health and lifestyle, and as a result more people are living long enough to suffer from age-related loss of function and age-related diseases; as a result, there is now a need to improve the health of older people. Further substantial extensions of human longevity will depend on whether it is possible to slow the rate of ageing or to reduce late life mortality. Across species, rates of ageing are strongly correlated with other aspects of the life history such as pre-adult mortality, age at first reproduction, birth rate, metabolic rate, and the length of a generation, as well as morphological traits such as adult body size and growth rate. These correlations suggest that ageing evolves in concert with a suite of other traits, which may produce constraints on the rate of ageing within a specific species. Indeed, researchers have long hypothesized that the rate of ageing is relatively fixed within species, not only in humans but also other animals. The study set out to test the 'invariant rate of aging' hypothesis, which says that a species has a relatively fixed rate of aging from adulthood. An international collaboration of scientists from 14 countries, including José Manuel Aburto from Oxford's Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, analyzed age-specific birth and death data spanning centuries and continents. Led by Fernando Colchero of the University of Southern Denmark and Susan Alberts of Duke University in North Carolina, the study was a huge undertaking that required monitoring of wild populations of primates over several decades. Doctor Jose Manuel Aburto PhD, of Oxford University’s Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science said "Our findings support the theory that, rather than slowing down death, more people are living much longer due to a reduction in mortality at younger ages. We compared birth and death data from humans and non-human primates and found this general pattern of mortality was the same in all of them. This suggests that biological, rather than environmental factors, ultimately control longevity.” The team analyzed data from primates, our closest genetic relatives, and therefore most likely to shed light on our biology. The research team analyzed information from 30 primate species, 17 in the wild and 13 in zoos, including gorillas, baboons and chimpanzees. And it examined birth and death records from nine diverse human populations in 17th to 20th century Europe, the Caribbean and Ukraine, and two hunter gatherer groups between 1900 and the year 2000. All the datasets examined by the team revealed the same general pattern of mortality; A high risk of death in infancy that rapidly declines in the immature and teenage years, remains low until early adulthood, and then continually rises in advancing age.
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